The Agra Fort is a major icon of India’s heritage. Built chiefly with red sandstone, its crescent shaped ramparts along the Yamuna contain an extensive complex of royal buildings and reflect the grandeur and authority of successive empires.

Historical Background

The site was originally a brick fort at Badalgarh and was first mentioned in 1080 C.E. when it was taken by Ghaznavid forces. It later passed to the Lodi rulers and then the Mughals. Akbar began reconstructing the fort in 1565 C.E., completing it in eight years. After the Mughal decline, it was held at different times by the Jats and Marathas until the British captured it in 1803.

Location and Significance

Located on the west bank of the Yamuna River in Agra, the fort was long considered a measure of political power. Inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983, it remains central to the historical identity of the city.

Architectural Materials and Design

Built largely of red sandstone, the fort encloses structures such as Jahangiri Mahal, Khas Mahal, Diwan i Am, Diwan i Khas, Machchi Bhawan and Moti Masjid. Interiors feature pietra dura inlay and mirror work. The fort also once housed the famous Koh i Noor diamond.