The Ellora Caves are a UNESCO World Heritage Site built between the 6th and 11th century C.E. They are among the world’s finest examples of rock cut architecture, carved into the basaltic rock of the Deccan. Out of more than one hundred caves, thirty four are regularly visited.

Historical Background

Over one hundred caves exist, but thirty four are most visited. The Buddhist caves, numbered 1 to 12, are the oldest and feature detailed carvings of Buddha and other deities. The Hindu caves numbered 13 to 29, include Cave 16, the Kailas Cave dedicated to Lord Shiva, with sculpted scenes from the Mahabharata and Ramayana.

Location and Significance

Located near Aurangabad, Ellora reflects the artistic, cultural and religious diversity of early India and demonstrates the craftsmanship of its builders.

Architectural Materials and Design

The Ellora Caves were carved directly into the basaltic volcanic rock of the Deccan trap, which allowed craftsmen to create large halls, pillars and sculptures without using brick or mortar. This technique, called rock cut architecture, required planning from the top down, with space, structure and ornamentation carved out of a single rock face.